RICHARD M. RAYNER (1843-1908)
Above, Richard as depicted in his carte de visite of 1862. On the right, Richard's
study of Orpington's tranquility.
Below right, a close-up of his face from the carte.
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As a male, Richard was ineligible for mention in Ellen Clayton's book, but we have greatly benefited from
Andrew King, a descendant of the family, who has provided most of the information below. There are, however, still
some gaps and guesses.
Richard Manser Rayner was born on 28 June 1843 in Bayswater, London (Manser, of course, being his mother's maiden
name). He had advice in painting from his parents and sisters (and being the youngest of the artists in that
generation, he had a lot of family help to call on). Richard started his art training under the direction of his
father Samuel immediately after he left school (which was possibly at Dulwich, but this is not confirmed).
This was the period (1858-9) when the family moved to Brighton and his first sketches of that time are of people
on the beach [see below, right], collier ships beached for unloading, and of fishermen's old boats halved and upturned to be used as
shacks.
In contrast to Louise's penchant for painting bustling towns, Richard preferred the tranquility of village life
and its greener setting for his subjects, though he did share her love of quaint old buildings. And whereas Louise
had started in oil then mainly remained faithful to watercolours, Richard would experiment and use the latest
techniques in painting - in oils, watercolour, gouache, and all three at once on different backgrounds, combining
this with old and new styles. Some of his experiments looked back to Turner, Constable, and the like, while others
applied the latest impressionistic Continental and dramatic Scandinavian ideas, and the outcome was to make him a
versatile painter in all media, and in a number of styles.
 In the next 3 years he trained
intensively - repeatedly visiting the various London art galleries (the National Gallery and the British Museum
among them) to copy and learn from the 'old masters' on the walls), while a series of sketches around Brighton in
the same period show how quickly he was developing his ability and technique.
By 1864 he had also become a very adept draughtsman, and from that year began illustrating for magazines and other
publications; and around 1866 he began providing art teaching lessons at a school in Brighton.
Samuel Rayner was immensely proud of his only artistic son and wanted him to do well, as we see from this letter he sent to Henry(?) Moseley Esq. (Publisher) at Derby, in 1865:
38 Pembroke Square, Kensington
28 October.
My Dear Sir.
From some of the very clever drawings my son has made during the last summer I have selected eight, and have advised him place them at low prices and submit them for your inspection, and last night I believe he forwarded them carriage paid to Derby.
I am desirous that his talent may be known to you – that you may have an opportunity of introducing his works to the notice of others who might feel an interest in putting out a helping hand to a young artist of great promise.
You may perhaps be able to sell one or two if you are not disposed to speculate in all of them: but should the latter be the case I think he could take an acceptance at three months for £17.
At any event, you will forgive me for introducing him to your notice, and believe me
My dear Sir
Yours faithfully
S.Rayner
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The letter was extracted from an old letter book (an old filing system was to bind letters being kept for business purposes), and this one carried the following annotations: Replied to Nov 2nd 1865. See letter Book. HM. with a note on the rear of the sheet saying: Mr Rich’d Rayner. Nov 1865. Drawings paid for by Bew as (?) agreed.
Most of Richard's work was commissioned directly by his patrons, and a number of fine art dealers around the country. He
mainly exhibited between 1861 and 1869, at the Suffolk Street, the Dudley (London) and other galleries, including
Derby, though he did continue more occasionally until at least 1883.
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 Above, Netley Mill near Shere, Surrey, probably from Richard's first visit to it.
Right, an oil sketch done on the spot, showing an almost finished interior view of the 'stone floor' and stairs
with the miller recutting one of the stones. Both pictures were sketches painted around 1865 and remain in family
hands.
Below right, a sketch of Richard made in February 1870 by Thomas Copinger.
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Richard was on friendly terms with the Copinger family, whom his sister Frances
married into in 1866 when she wed Charles Copinger. As a result of this (or possibly through a prior
interest) Richard was a competent amateur actor, appearing in London productions, usually for a charity
or similar cause. One such occasion is recorded in the Cabinet Theatre playbill below for April 21st,
1868, where the first entertainment had a cast of 10 - of whom three were Copingers, and a 4th was
Richard. Some Copingers appeared in other plays that night, and Walter was the musical director for
the whole evening. The charity was the Wood Green Church Building fund - and look at those prices!
5 shillings (25p or 45 cents today) for the stalls, 4 shillings in the balcony, 2 shillings in the
amphitheatre. It doesn't sound much, but 5 shillings then would be more than 13 pounds today.
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| The theatre had opened as The Royal Panharmonium in 1830, became a regular theatre a year or two later, when the title was altered to The Royal Clarence. It then went by a number of names from 1852 through 1867, including "The Regent", "The Argyll", "The King's Cross", and "The Cabinet Theatre", which it still was in 1868 for this production.
[from Victorian Web] |
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Richard also took an interest in photography, and bought a camera producing glass plate negatives. This was not
unusual for artists in the earlier days of photography: some found it a (comparatively) quick way to get the
essential details of a scene before committing it to canvas. It was some years before they realised that photography
was starting to be taken seriously as an alternative to artistic work and thus eroding their income, though the
carte de visite craze from the mid-1850s onwards might have offered a hint. Richard
also collected photographs, so there is no certainty that those he had were his own, although the next one here seems
to be a stretch of coincidence if it isn't.
 The photograph was taken
about 1870, and has been cut down to focus in on the artist and his subject, which is Netley Farm. Andy King
says that although it might be Richard, there is no proof that it is. It could, for example be an artist friend.
But another option is that Richard might have set up the view (the full picture is a traditional artistic
composition) and then walked into it while someone else exposed the film.
The sketch and the photo both show a youngish figure, but the farm artist may have a beard. There was time
between February and trees in full leaf for a beard to have grown, but still no certain match. Note that the artist
has a black(?) armband above his left elbow, which could signify the death of a family member, a friend, or even of
the royal family, given the strong loyalty to the crown in that period.
Andy adds that judging from the photo, the paintings and other pencil sketches, both buildings appear to have medieval origins
- the farm with what seems to be a louvred smoke hood from an old hearth in the hall perhaps, and the mill with what
may be a gothic arched opening at rear basement level and some masonry in the walls - perhaps rebuilt in the 1700s.
The painting at right is also c.1870, and shows tree felling by Netley Mill. This finished painting (which is still
in the family) uses bodycolour rather than pure watercolour. Pencil sketches made at the same time show the local
wheelwright collecting the timber.
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In 1872 Richard married Mary Ann Harding (and would write back to her nearly every day while he was away on
painting trips). Having obviously enjoyed his stay in the Gomshall/Shere area in the 1860s, he moved back to the
area in the mid/late 1870s - and painted more pictures of Netley Mill.
Some trees survived the felling as we see in this photo of Netley Mill circa 1875. The family has another painting
showing a similar scene to the sketch & photo but with two of Richard's children playing in the foreground.
The mill still exists today, but has been converted into a house.
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Above: 'After the storm' - thought to be St Mary Cray church in Kent, and probably painted 1860-75.
In common with other members of the family - notably Samuel and Margaret, Richard enjoyed painting castles. Some of his sketches for Dudley Castle can be found on his separate page for Dudley, while below we see two other castles that captured his paintbrush. Both found their way to the same house in Australia. In September 2007 Malcolm Johnson (an expatriot Englishman) contacted us to tell us what happened next. He'd been employed to do some work on the house for the owner, who'd noticed his interest in the paintings. When it came to settling-up time, the paintings were offered in payment and Malcolm gladly accepted them - and they adorn his walls today.
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 On the left (above) is Raglan Castle, Monmouthshire, and on the right, Hurstmonceaux Castle (the adjacent village is alternatively spelt as Herstmonceux). Both were painted in 1871 and signed as "R.M.Rayner", both measure 24 by 16 inches, and the composition is so mirror-like that they could be framed as a pair. According to one of Richard's notebooks, he took composition advice from his father Samuel in the 1860s, and the tree at the end of both causeways is a very likely product of this. The details are nicely executed at the top of Raglan's towers, with the waterspout, etc., but we'd want a war historian to tell us whether they'd want to fight from that top wall.
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During the 1860s and 1870s, Richard would join his sisters Louise and Margaret on information gathering and painting
expeditions throughout Britain and would sometimes be away from home for 2-3 months. The visit to Dudley in 1865 is one example (possibly without Margaret on that occasion), while in 1877 we
know that all three were in Edinburgh.
On these trips he was largely working for himself, but he also used to be employed by Louise to carry
out work in areas where it was not 'seemly' for her to sit and sketch. An instance of this arose on
the 1877 Edinburgh visit, where even he was forced to move on from sketching the Grassmarket area by
the number of drunks around him.
Right, Richard's painting of Holyrood, following a joint Louise/Margaret/ Richard trip to
Edinburgh. [The photograph was angled to avoid reflections and a slight lean could not be corrected
out.]
Richard and Mary had five children, Louie, Sam, Herbert, then Arthur Trower in 1878 and Ada Mary in 1881
(the last two becoming artists themselves), and the children sometimes appeared in his paintings. But for
many artists in that period, the demand for paintings was drying up, and there are signs that Richard had
some difficulties supporting his family for a time - increasing his art lessons being one of his strategies to ease his situation. Louise had fewer problems, and some of
Richard's work on her behalf was probably commissioned by her, not just free support from a sibling. Note that
while Richard produced outlines and studies for his sister; the final paintings were entirely Louise's.
Left: sister Louise Rayner painted this picture of Chapel Street, Guildford, Surrey (circa
1880) as a thank-you to Richard and his family while staying with them on a visit to their home at Shere (a
village 5 miles south-east of Guildford).
The image below (dated 1881) is displayed courtesy of Natascha Troehler, Lake Havasu
City, Arizona. The title is unknown, but the two children might be Richard's, as Richard did take his children on
walks and include them in his pictures. If so, the girl is likely to be Louie, and the boy either Sam or Herbert.
The tunnel mouth is not for rail, road or river but probably an old kiln of some kind.
It looks as though it was partly stone and faced in a coarse red brick, probably in
the 1700s, and subsequent crack damage to it can be seen. The location is thought to be halfway between Guildford
and Dorking in Surrey, north of Abinger Hammer. Surrey County Council has produced a
countryside walking guide (with map) which refers to a Georgian-period lime kiln
where chalk was quarried from a nearby pit and burned to produce lime for marling the fields and for mortar for
bricklaying.
He seems to have got past his difficulties, and by the 1901 census he was listed as living in Orpington,
Kent, aged 57, and it's possible he had designed his own house there, which points to architectural training of
some kind. The date when he actually moved isn't known even to the family, and his paintings provide no
pointer as he used to go there to paint before he actually lived there. Below right, we have another example.
The image was forwarded by Frantz Baumgartner in Vienna, who was hoping
to get some information on the "castle" depicted. The building is actually Orpington Priory, which still exists
today, but the gardens have been swept away in favour of tarmac. Franzt says the 1891 painting was bought by his
grandfather in 1906, and his mother passed it on to Frantz more recently. It was half-forgotten until he began restoring
the family house and needed a suitable painting to surmount a fireplace. This was perfect.
The painting was unknown to the modern Rayners, and Andy King, a descendant of Richard's, comments that
this finally explains why Richard's effects included sketches of a gardener!
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This detail from Frantz Baumgartner's picture also shows a different form of Richard's signature -
'Richd' with a superscript 'd'. This common 19th century form of abbreviation would usually have a full stop
(period) under the superscript letter(s), but his spoken name was still 'Richard'.
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 Louise Rayner's later home in Chester - Ash Grove sketched by Richard (on a visit to her in 1892 and dated 17th September) as part of a letter back to his son Bert, captioned "from the road, showing Lou's house and the Welsh Mountain Moel Famman".
He was a religious man, following the other Rayners in the Catholic Apostolic Church.
He died on 17 October 1908 at Orpington.
For more of his work, see our separate page covering his visit to Dudley (West
Midlands, UK) in 1865, where he and Louise made several sketches and paintings of the town, castle and lime kilns.
SALES
No prices known to us.
PLACES TO LOOK
An example of his work is at the Museum & Art Gallery, Derby.
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Harry Drummond, January 2008 |
Please take note: we claim no art expertise, and in no way do we offer provenance for any
paintings. What you see here was compiled out of interest in Louise Rayner's paintings and those by her family,
but is based on sometimes very fragmentary evidence. As such, it is inevitable that there will be errors, though
we naturally hope to reduce these over time.
We would gratefully receive any information or corrections that will help us to fill the gaps and resolve unproved
links - for example confirmation of dates of birth, death, etc., and details of other addresses the family lived
at (and roughly when). Images of any of the family's paintings would also be very welcome. Thank you!
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Copyright © 2008 DudleyMall.
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